{"id":79853,"date":"2022-03-01T10:58:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-01T03:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.medion.co.id\/?p=79853"},"modified":"2025-10-08T08:56:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T01:56:57","slug":"ransum-ayam-petelur-dan-manajemen-pemberiannya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.medion.co.id\/en\/info-medion\/ration-of-laying-hens-and-management-of-their-feeding\/","title":{"rendered":"Ration of laying hens and management of their feeding"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ration is the main component in the maintenance of laying hens. Ration costs are also the largest of the cost components to produce an egg. So, if the quality, amount of giving, and technique of giving are not considered by the farmer, it will cause the performance target will not be achieved and of course also cause economic losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nutritional Needs Of Laying Hens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGarbage in, garbage out<\/em>\u201d a very suitable term to describe the importance of quality raw material ration. The meaning of the term is that if the quality of raw materials used is good and meets the standards, then the resulting ration will be of good quality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

So that the performance of the chicken becomes optimal. Conversely, when the raw materials used are of poor quality, the resulting ration will also be of poor quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to quality, quantity or amount of the term is if the quality of raw materials because although the quality is good, if feed intake<\/em> or the consumption of the ration is not achieved, then the nutritional needs of the chicken will still not be met.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quality rations are rations that have nutritional content in accordance with the needs of chickens. Different types of chicken also have different nutritional needs. Each phase of its growth also requires a different amount of nutrients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here in Table 1. is an example of nutritional needs in laying hens ranging from Phase starter, grower, developer <\/em>(grower<\/em> II), pre-layer<\/em>, layer<\/em> 1, layer <\/em>Day 2 layer<\/em> 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"table<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In the period chickens starter<\/em>, the protein requirement is highest compared to other periods. This is because in the period starter<\/em> there is a very high multiplication and growth of cells to support the formation of organs and the achievement of optimal body weight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continuation of the period starter<\/em> is the time grower<\/em> this is the time of cell development. Organs that are formed during the starter period are enlarged in accordance with the needs of the body. In this phase, cell growth will slowly stop and become a process of cell enlargement, while ration consumption continues to increase. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the level of protein ration grower <\/em>still the same as starter<\/em>, then the effect is that the chicken's body will store excess protein as fat deposits, where in laying hens the excess will be stored in the reproductive tract. If this happens then the problems that arise during the layer <\/em>among others, genital maturity is too early, high mortality, and a short peak production period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While entering the spawning period (time layer<\/em>), the process of cell development proceeds very slowly (so the growth of chickens is also slow, red<\/em>) but the process of egg formation is just beginning. To form an egg, high protein and amino acids are needed. Therefore, the protein content of the daily ration layer<\/em> will be increased, although not as high as the past starter<\/em>. As for old chickens, protein is needed only for the formation of eggs, so the protein content in the ration of old chickens also decreases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Formulation Of The Ration Of Layer Hens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The types of rations commonly used by laying hen farmers include finished rations, concentrates and self mixing<\/em> (make your own ration). Ration self mixing<\/em> it has been widely used by farmers, especially farmers who focus on productivity and competitiveness (price). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Self mixing<\/em> it usually has the cheapest price compared to concentrate or finished rations, although occasionally the price can be more expensive due to increased raw material prices. However, in terms of the quality of the ration, the nutritional content specifications will usually be higher. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is done as back up<\/em> or safety margin<\/em> on raw materials rations used by farmers. In addition, the ration self mixing <\/em>more flexible or more easily adapted to the conditions of laying hens, especially from the level of feed intake (ration consumption), the variety of raw materials ration and the level of chicken production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When laying hens enter the initial period of production, it is usually difficult for the ration consumption level to reach the standard (below the standard, red<\/em>). One solution so that the intake of ration nutrients can meet the needs of chickens to produce eggs is to make changes to the formulation of the ration, which increases the density of nutrients. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If with target feed intake<\/em> 115 g\/head\/Day chickens need a ration with a crude protein content of 16.4% (ISA Brown Nutrition Guide<\/em> Phase Layer<\/em> 1, 2021), but when the ration consumption is only reached 105 g\/head\/day then we can change the crude protein content to 17.96%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

By increasing crude protein levels to 17.96%, the laying hens will get the same nutritional intake as those who consume rations of 115 g\/head\/Day. And this becomes easier to do and apply if you use rations self mixing<\/em>. The above calculation if the formula is made as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"protein<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. Laying hen formulations starter<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Formulation of the ration for Phase laying hens\u00a0starter self mixing<\/em>\u00a0still not so much to apply, although it has started some farmers who have\u00a0self mixing<\/em>\u00a0starting from the age of 1 or 10 days. When we do formulation of the ration of laying hens<\/a><\/strong> the starter phase needs to pay attention to the degree of digestibility of nutrients. This is because laying hens starter phase for his metabolism is not perfect. The use of enzymes should be strengthened so that the chickens are able to digest the raw materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The average farmer still uses rations so, in the form crumble <\/em>or fine<\/em> crumble<\/em>. Rations from this manufacturer can be said to be rations that have been processed or cooked (heated during the stages conditioning<\/em>). This process can improve the homogeneity of the ration, uniform texture of the ration and improve the digestibility of the ration. When using this finished ration, we need to monitor the stability of its physical qualities, from texture, color, smell and if necessary, chemical tests can be carried out, through MediLab<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the performance of laying hens weight achievement phase starter<\/em> this is not achieved, then immediately evaluate the achievement feed intake<\/em> the day. Also check the health status, especially diseases that disrupt the digestive tract, such as coccidiosis, necrotic enteritis<\/em>, colibacillosis<\/em>, etc. Perlu sekiranya ditambahkan premix, seperti Mix Plus LGM13A atau Mix Plus LGM123A dengan dosis 1-5 kg\/ton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Laying hen formulations grower<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Laying hens aged 6 weeks can already be given rations self mixing<\/em>. Ration of laying hens this phase is divided into 2, namely ration grower <\/em>1 and ration developer<\/em> (grower <\/em>2). Ration grower<\/em> 1 is given from the age of 6-10 weeks, while the ration grower<\/em> 2 is given at 11-16 weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Laying hen formulations pre-layer<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ration of laying hens pre-layer<\/em> it can be specially formulated, or use mixing between rations grower<\/em> 2 with the ration of production laying hens. Ration pre-layer<\/em> it serves to transition the ration grower<\/em> to layer<\/em>. Where is the level of calcium ration pre-layer<\/em> it ranges from 2%. Ration feeding pre-layer<\/em> this is 16-18 weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Laying hen formulations layer<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Formulation of the ration of Phase laying hens layer<\/em> willing to be placed in Cikarang feed intake<\/em>- her. In addition, ration formulations for young and old laying hens (> 50 weeks) should preferably be differentiated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"sample<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"table<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Formulation of the ration of laying hens self mixing <\/em>the above is an example of a formulation that has been applied by farmers. This formulation can be changed according to the conditions of each breeder. This formulation is processed using Brill Formulation System<\/em> who apply the method least cost formulation<\/em> (formulations with the cheapest cost).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proper ration Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In general, things to consider in the management of rations are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Make sure the quality of the ration is appropriate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

There are several requirements that can be said to be quality rations, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n