{"id":80677,"date":"2024-02-01T11:50:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T04:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.medion.co.id\/?p=80677"},"modified":"2025-08-24T21:13:37","modified_gmt":"2025-08-24T14:13:37","slug":"mengenal-infeksi-gallibacterium-anatis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.medion.co.id\/en\/info-medion\/getting-to-know-gallibacterium-anatis-infection\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting to know Gallibacterium anatis infection"},"content":{"rendered":"

Livestock health is something that must be considered in running a farm, not least for chicken farmers. Healthy chickens are an important factor to support good production. Vigilance against various disease infections becomes quite important for farmers, one of which is to be vigilant against infection Gallibacterium anatis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cases of infection\u00a0Gallibacterium anatis\u00a0<\/em>began to occur in the field and reported mostly found in Central Java and East Java (source: poultryindonesia.com, May 2021). El-Ghany\u00a0et al<\/em>\u00a0(2023), infection G. anatis is generally often found in chickens\u00a0layer\u00a0<\/em>and lead to a decrease in production. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

But these bacteria can also cause respiratory problems, diarrhea and emaciation in chickens\u00a0broiler<\/em>, can also cause production disruption and mortality rate of 0.06-4.9% in chickens\u00a0breeder<\/em>. Therefore, it is important for farmers to know\u00a0G. anatis\u00a0<\/em>as a step in controlling the disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes Of Disease<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"bacteria<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gallibacterium anatis<\/em> is a Gram-negative bacterium ( - ), from the family Pasteurellaceae<\/em>, non-motile, do not form spores and are normally found in the upper respiratory tract in healthy chickens. These bacteria are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria or can turn into pathogens (malignant) when the health condition or endurance of chickens decreases (Daranesha N.K et al<\/em>., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G. anatis<\/em> divided into 2 biovar, namely G. anatis biovar hemolytica <\/em>which can mememolisis (destroy cell walls) red blood so that it is pathogenic (malignant), and G. anatis biovar anatis<\/em> which are non-pathogenic (benign) (R. J Bager et al<\/em>., 2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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G. anatis also has virulence factors that favor the appearance of infection in chickens. Some of them are hemolysin toxin that can mememolisis blood, fimbrae for attachment to host epithelial cells, capsule that one of its functions can avoid the immune system, metalloprotease enzyme for colonization and nutrient uptake, and other virulence factors (R. J Bager et al<\/em>., 2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vulnerable species and ways of transmission<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G. anatis<\/em> it is a normal microflora that is present in the upper respiratory tract and the rear digestive tract in poultry. In addition to attacking poultry, G. anatis <\/em>once reported to be able to attack mammals such as cattle, sheep, rabbits, horses, etc. (Singh et al<\/em>, 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transmission of G. anatis <\/em>the most common is through the air from sick chickens to healthy chickens. In addition, this bacterium can also be transmitted from mother to Chick and can also be transmitted through marriage. Factors that may favor the occurrence of infection G. anatis<\/em> among others, the infection of other diseases, hormonal influences, age, climate change, stress and decreased endurance chicken (Singh et al<\/em>., 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clinical Symptoms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In general, the symptoms caused are not specific, such as difficulty breathing, cough, mucus discharge from the nose, trembling head, mild swelling of the head, anorexia (decreased appetite), diarrhea, thinness and production disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Symptoms are sometimes not visible or only mild (Bojesen et al<\/em>. 2008; El-Adawy et al<\/em>. 2018; Elbestawy et al<\/em>. 2018). On chicken layer<\/em>, can cause a decrease in egg production up to 3-18% and in chickens breeder <\/em>there can be an increase in mortality by 0.06 - 4.9% (El-Ghany et al<\/em>., 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"respiratory<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pathological Changes Of Organs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pathological changes in organs found in infections G. anatis<\/em> are changes in the respiratory tract such as, tracheitis (inflammation of the trachea) and pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs). In the reproductive tract, changes are found in the form of oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries) with inflammation of the ovarian follicles, fertilized ovaries and salphingitis (inflammation of the oviduct). In some cases reported also atrophy (shrinkage) of the ovaries and oviducts (El-Ghany et al<\/em>, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"inflammation<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"inflammation<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

According To Paudel et al<\/em>., 2014, infection G. anatis<\/em> it can also cause pathological changes such as the presence of peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the stomach), pericarditis (inflammation of the enveloping membrane of the heart) and the presence of multifocal tissue death in chicken hearts has also been found. In addition, in infections G. anatis <\/em>it was also found that changes in The Shape of the egg became abnormal and covered with a layer of cheese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"inflammation<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Prevention<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prevention can be done with a combination of biosecurity<\/em>, management, and supportive for optimal protection. Steps that can be taken include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n