{"id":81161,"date":"2022-05-01T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-01T01:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.medion.co.id\/?p=81161"},"modified":"2025-08-24T21:14:33","modified_gmt":"2025-08-24T14:14:33","slug":"waspadai-coryza-saat-peralihan-musim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.medion.co.id\/en\/info-medion\/watch-out-for-coryza-at-the-switch-of-seasons\/","title":{"rendered":"Watch out for Coryza at the switch of seasons"},"content":{"rendered":"

Environmental conditions are one of the factors that affect the health of livestock. One of them is the weather, especially during the transition season. Conditions of high rainfall, low temperatures with high humidity become one of the predispositions to the disease. Diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, endoparasites and ectoparasites multiply well. Respiratory diseases being the diseases that most dominate one of them coryza<\/em>. Disease coryza<\/em> or the familiar known as \u201csnot\u201d is one of the diseases that is excellent. Especially in chicken layer<\/em> because of his frequent and recurring cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is certainly a concern of ours together why the case coryza<\/em> it still remains difficult to control. Then how does the influence of environmental conditions, especially during the transition season?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Current Cases of <\/strong>Coryza<\/em><\/strong> on the field during the transition season<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When viewed from the data in Graph 1, it is known that coryza cases increase at the beginning of the rainy season starting in August and when the weather changes (transition). Subsequent events coryza<\/em> the fluctuating can be caused by erratic weather conditions, sometimes even changing extremes. Especially on the farm layer<\/em>, there was a significant increase, especially at the turn of the year. So farmers need to be aware of the increase in cases coryza<\/em> in wet seasons or transitions that cause chickens to experience stress so that the condition of chickens decreases. The humid conditions of the cage environment also favor bacteria coryza<\/em> growing quite rapidly. Case occurrence coryza<\/em> triggered predisposing factors, such as interference from the home environment, nutritional problems, vaccination treatment as well as various diseases that cause immunosuppressive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Indonesia is a tropical country with an environmental temperature of 27-30\u00b0 Celsius and humidity ranging from 70-95%. These conditions are very suitable for the development of bacteria Av. Paragallinarum<\/em> causes coryza<\/em>. Prevalence of cases coryza<\/em> it is usually very high in the range from September to February. This is because in the transition of the weather the humidity of the cage becomes higher with a low oxygen content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although chicken layer<\/em> or broiler<\/em> both are susceptible to attack, but the number of reported cases in chickens layer<\/em> higher than chicken broiler<\/em>. This is because the life span of chickens layer<\/em> longer, so that the risk of exposure coryza<\/em> higher and aggravated by the presence of ventilation problems and poor environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Case occurrence coryza<\/em> this will entail some losses. Among them are the number of pain\/morbidity in cases coryza<\/em> can reach 20-50% and mortality\/mortality up to 5-20%. Morbidity and mortality will increase in the event of bacterial co-infection Mycoplasma synoviae<\/em>, Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/em>, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale<\/em>, Pasteurella multocida<\/em>, and viral infections IB, ILT and smallpox. In addition to chicken broiler<\/em> it will be difficult to catch up with the standard weight growth delay. While the chicken layer<\/em> there will be a decrease in egg production by 10-40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes and predisposing factors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/strong>Avibacterium paragalinarum<\/em> (Av. Paragalinarum<\/em>) is a causative bacterium coryza<\/em> with its main predilection location in the infraorbital sinus located under the nose. Bacteria Av. paragallinarum<\/em> causes coryza<\/em> it is divided into several serovars. Based on the method page<\/em>, dibagi menjadi serovar A, B, dan C. While the method kume<\/em> membagi lebih detail lagi menjadi A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, C1, C2, C3 dan C4. Diantara serovar tersebut, tidak ada proteksi silang antar serovar A, B, C namun terdapat proteksi silang yang baik diantara serotipe pada serovar A (A1, A2, A3, A4) dan proteksi silang variatif diantara serotipe pada serovar C (C1, C2, C3, C4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teams Research and Development <\/em>Medion has done mapping<\/em> bacterial causes coryza<\/em> in Indonesia. Based on the isolate data collected by Medion, currently the bacteria Av. paragallinarum<\/em> found in Indonesia, it belongs to serotypes A1, C1 and C4. Especially the dominant serotype C4 is found and has been widely spread in several regions in Indonesia such as Bandung, Banjarmasin, Jambi, Kendal, Samarinda, Semarang, and Sukabumi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coryza<\/em> it can be transmitted horizontally either directly or indirectly. Direct transmission is from sick chickens to healthy chickens by direct contact, while indirectly from various media. For example from feed, drinking water, or air contaminated with exudate \/ dileran chicken nose containing bacteria Av. Paragallinarum<\/em>. Exudate coming out of the nose becomes the most effective medium that transmits coryza<\/em>, especially in cages with an open paralon drinking system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bacteria Av. Paragallinarum<\/em> enter through the nose, then it will enter and multiply in the infraorbital sinus. The incubation period (the time it takes from the time the bacteria start to show symptoms) of coryza<\/em> duration is 1-3 days. Outbreak coryza <\/em>lasts for 4-12 weeks (in chickens layer<\/em>) or 6-14 days (in chickens broiler<\/em>) depends on the number of bacteria in the body of the chicken or the environment of the cage, and the presence or absence of secondary infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predisposing factors provoking and aggravating the disease coryza<\/em> among the factors of air, air quality and circulation are less good. This will result in a reduced intake of o\u2082 needed by chickens. Factor litter<\/em>\/ wet husk causes humidity in the cage to increase and high ammonia levels so that it will be inhaled by chickens. When it gets into the upper respiratory tract, ammonia can cause epithelial cells (mucosa) irritation and loss of cilia. Epithelial cells in these channels are the initial defense mechanism because they are able to produce mucus (mucus) while the cilia function to repel incoming infectious agents. If both structures are damaged, the bacteria causing coryza<\/em> it will easily enter and stick to the infrobital sinuses of the nose then cause a more severe infection. On chicken layer<\/em>, application of maintenance system multi age<\/em> age (a lot of age) can also be a predisposing factor to the disease coryza<\/em>. This is because when chickens are attacked coryza<\/em> then already cured can act as carrier<\/em> (carrier). So that the chicken is clinically cured but still carries bacteria and excretes from the respiratory system. As a result, it will transmit to other healthy chickens that are in one population, especially to younger chickens. This also causes the occurrence coryza often recurs.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Age Pattern Of Disease Attacks<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Based On Team Data Technical Education and Consultation<\/em> (TEC) Medion during 2019 to 2022 it is known that cases coryza<\/em> always appear throughout the year either on broiler<\/em> or layer<\/em>. About the age of infestation, in chickens broiler<\/em> many are attacked at the age of 22-28 days. This can happen because at that age the production of feces is higher so the risk of ammonia accompanied by high density will increase the risk coryza<\/em> infect. While the chicken layer <\/em>the highest occurs at the age of >18-35 weeks, namely in the early to peak production. This could be because in that phase, chickens are required to pursue targets, especially egg production. If at that time the environmental conditions are not supportive and cause stress to the chicken, then this triggers the infection of the disease will easily appear no exception coryza<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Clinical symptoms and apparent Anatomical Pathology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clinical symptoms that characterize the disease coryza<\/em> is an acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The discharge of mucus or discharge from the nose, which at first has a watery yellow color, then gradually turns into a thick, purulent, and has a characteristic odor (foul\/fishy smell). So that the chicken sneezes, has difficulty breathing and snores. The infraorbital Sinus (under the eye) will swell and if the condition is more severe the eye will close due to the accumulation of fluid. In addition, appetite is lost, and sometimes diarrhea occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If surgery is performed to see changes in anatomical pathology, it will be found that the sinuses of the nose, larynx, and trachea are inflamed with mucus. Sometimes, in more severe conditions in the sinuses are also found persejuan. When diseases coryza<\/em> in the case of colposcopy (panopthalmitis<\/em>), then the eye will swell to contain yellowish solid ice. The nature of swelling in the nasal sinuses can be unilateral or bilateral. Some diseases that have clinical symptoms similar to coryza are SHS, colibacillosis (form panopthalmitis<\/em>), ILT, wet smallpox (wet pox<\/em>), and ORT (ornithobacterium rhinotracheale<\/em>). To distinguish such cases, if necessary laboratory tests (PCR and sequencing<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Prevention <\/strong>Coryza<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prevention coryza<\/em> it needs to be done by carrying out appropriate vaccinations, optimal maintenance management applications, and the implementation of biosecurity<\/em> tight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. Vaccination<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Disease of coryza<\/em> being one of the diseases that is quite difficult to cure. Therefore, alternative measures that can be taken to control coryza<\/em> is prevention by vaccination. Vaccination is carried out to form immunity in the body of chickens, so the frequency of the appearance of cases can be suppressed. In addition, if coryza<\/em> attack, then in chickens that have been vaccinated attack will not be severe and when treated will recover faster. Likewise with the severity of the case, if it occurs it will be milder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vaccination Program in chickens layer<\/em> can be given at the age of 6-8 weeks using Medivac Coryza T Suspension<\/a><\/strong> or Medivac Coryza T Chito<\/strong> then repeated at the age of 15-16 weeks using Medivac Coryza T Chito<\/strong>, Medivac Coryza T Suspension<\/a><\/strong> or Medivac Coryza T<\/a><\/strong>. If the farm is very prone to occur coryza<\/em>, then repeat vaccination can be carried out 5-6 weeks after the first vaccination. While the chicken broiler<\/em>\/ males are carried out at the age of 7-14 days with Medivac Coryza T Chito<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Medivac Coryza T Chito<\/strong> is a Medion inactivated vaccine containing bacteria Avibacterium paragallinarum<\/em> strains W, Spros<\/em>s dan Modesto<\/em> which has been dissolved in adjuvant chitosan<\/em> to increase and extend the power of the vaccine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Things to consider in the application or administration of vaccinations coryza<\/em> (especially in the form of an emulsion vaccine) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n