Broiler Management and layer modern eggs have the genetic potential to produce high body weight and egg production. To bring up the genetic potential, one of the determining factors is ration nutrition. This factor is important to note so that the needs for basic life and optimal production can be met properly.
Of the various types of nutrients in the ration, amino acids are the ones that attract the attention of nutritionist. Especially now has begun to develop the concept of ideal protein (amino acids) in the process of ration formulation. Through this concept, amino acid values are obtained that match the needs of chickens, so that the disposal of excess protein into the environment can be minimized.
When ingested and absorbed in the digestive tract, these amino acids will be used as constituents of structural proteins (muscles, skin, ligaments), protein metabolism, enzymes and precursors of various types of body components. According to Applegate (2008), poultry needs 22 types of amino acids to form body proteins. Some of these compounds can be synthesized by the human body (non essential(a) some of them cannot be synthesized or the amount is insufficient for the body's metabolic processes (essential). Lysine and methionine are essential amino acids for chickens because they are a barrier to other essential amino acids.
Getting to know lysine and methionine
Lysine (C6H14N2O2) has the main function for the growth and repair of body tissues. According to Nash and Kheiri (2012), lysine is a key amino acid for the synthesis of cytokines (Messenger proteins from immune cells) and lymphocyte proliferation, so as to optimize the immune system of chickens in fighting infectious diseases. Lysine deficiency can lose weight, inhibit growth and lower the chicken's immune system.
Methionine (C5H11NO2S) is a sulfurous amino acid with the same primary function as lysine. The sulfur group of methionine is capable of producing methyl group which plays a role in various types of biological reactions, especially the synthesis and metabolism of epinephrine, carnitine, choline and creatine (Rehman et al, 2019).
In addition, methionine is also the main component of poultry feathers. Methionine cooperates with cysteine in the process of feather formation. According to Rincon and Leeson (2016), the amino acid composition of feathers consists of 0.70% methionine and 5.50% Cysteine. However, hair growth is also influenced by other essential amino acids such as arginine, valine and leucine. Methionine deficiency can cause slow feather growth and increase the risk of feather pecking in chickens.
Implementation of the addition of lysine and methionine in Broiler Management and Layer
Lysine and methionine can improve the performance of chickens both weight gain, egg production and health status.
- Improve chicken performance broiler
Sigolo et al. (2019) in his research proved that the supplementation of lysine and methionine in the ration broiler by 100% according to recommendations, providing the best performance in terms of weight gain, harvest weight and FCR (age 1-42 days).
The above results indicate that the administration of lysine and methionine is in accordance with the needs broiler provides the best performance results.
As for the connection with growth, lysine and methionine in the ration can stimulate the secretion of the hormone insulin from the pancreas. This will increase the absorption of amino acids and protein synthesis of various body tissues, especially the pectoral muscles. In addition, lysine plays a role in the release of growth hormone insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) and regulates bone growth through osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, appropriate supplementation of lysine and methionine as needed can optimize the growth of chickens.
2. Optimizing egg production
Onimisi et al. (2012) in his research proved the effect of lysine and methionine supplementation on performance layer Lohmann Brown age 42-54 weeks. The results showed that the percentage of total lysine 0.70% and total methionine 0.35% in the ration gave the best results against hen day, egg mass and FCR.
3. Boost immunity
Lysine and methionine, both of which play a role in the synthesis of antibodies in the chicken's body. Methionine is a precursor glutathione which protects the body's cells from oxidative stress. In addition, methionine also plays a role in the synthesis of polyamines that function in the process of cell division. Therefore, supplementation according to the needs of chickens is important so that the immune system function can work optimally.
Faluyi et al. (2015) proving the immune response broiler against vaccination Newcastle disease (ND) fed with Feed with different lysine content. The results showed that rations containing 1.13% lysine produced the highest antibody titer against ND after vaccination NDV Hitchner B1 (age 3 days), NDV Lasota (age 21 days) and NDV Komarov (age 42 days).
Lysine can increase the proliferation (multiplication) of lymphocyte cells, so the higher the lysine content in the ration will increase the immune response broiler. However, at the highest treatment 1.14% the immune response was low. High amino acid lysine can stimulate the hypothalamus to cause satiety, so the chicken will reduce the consumption of rations and protein sources available for the formation of antibodies to be down.
The need for lysine and methionine
According to Samadi (2012), the need for amino acids in chickens not only pay attention to the need for production, but also the need for maintenance (maintenance). Such needs will differ depending on age, weight, stage of production, ambient temperature. As for the need for amino acids lysine and methionine in poultry rations, based on the recommendations National Research Council or NRC (1994) and standard breeder commercial chickens are presented in Tables 1 and 2.
Recommendation needs of amino acids lysine and methionine differ significantly between NRC with manual guide strain modern chicken. According to Schutte and De Jong (1999) this is because the calculation on the NRC is still based on weight gain or egg production alone. In the meantime, for strains modern chickens today have included the calculation of the efficiency of feed use. Therefore, to obtain high production and efficient use of feed, the need for amino acids increases. Awarding Mix Plus can help improve ration quality and egg production.
Thus at a glance information about lysine and methionine, essential amino acids for poultry. Hopefully useful and add to our insight. Success always.
